In humans the sensory receptor cells send electrical impulses down the sensory neurons upon receiving a stimulus such as light. Optic nerves being Sensory cells for vision, conduct the action potential from the retina to the central nervous system. These electric impulses travel to the optical lobe, a brain region responsible for visio-spatial processing, where they are ultimately processed.
An artificial action potential, generated by artificial micro-receptors of the bionic eye or prosthetic limb, can be transmitted like neuron signals in binary patterns and fed to a computer algorithm to rectify or eliminate any noise. I believe these patterns could ultimately generate neural signals that the human brain can understand.
There are various algorithms for variety of spikes generated in the brain for each stimulus, and accurate measurements of neuron functions are complex due to large background noise.
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